Media and Communication Research

Media and Communication Research

Pathology of Instagram’s Impact on Self-Esteem and Body Satisfaction among Mothers Active on Social Media Based on Their Content Preferences

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
seyedeh fatemeh nemati 1
seyyed mohammadali nemati 2
1 Cultural Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Master’s Student in Regional Studies, Baqir al-Olum University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/mcr.2026.576553.1104
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Instagram on the self-esteem and body satisfaction of active mothers. The theoretical framework is based on Festinger's "Social Comparison Theory," which explains that continuous exposure to unattainable images and ideals in visual media leads to upward comparisons, internalization of ideals, and the deterioration of self-concept. In this mixed-methods (quantitative-qualitative) design, 385 mothers were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS-R), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), while the experiences of 32 individuals were analyzed through interviews. Findings indicated that daily usage exceeding 3 hours is associated with a significant decline in self-esteem and increased body dissatisfaction. These negative impacts are significantly more severe among followers of fashion, beauty, and fitness pages compared to those following general content. Qualitative analysis confirmed that Instagram impairs mental health and family relationships by fostering unhealthy comparisons, perfectionism pressure, the need for social validation, and consumerism. Ultimately, both the duration of use and the type of content consumed play a decisive role, highlighting the necessity of enhancing mothers' media literacy.
Keywords
Instagram
mothers
self-esteem
body satisfaction
social media
mental health
Media and Communication Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 June 2026